Understanding Hunter-B UCAV Programme
The Russian S-70 Okhotnik-B (“Hunter-B”) is an unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) program developed by Sukhoi under Russia’s United Aircraft Corporation. It is set to enhance Russia’s capabilities in autonomous air combat systems and it is part of its broader strategy to modernise its military and compete with global powers in advanced drone warfare.
Origins and Inspiration
The development of the S-70 Hunter-B was initiated to address Russia’s need for advanced stealth and autonomous capabilities to match the evolving military drone programs of the United States, China, and France. Russia’s prior experience with drones was limited to reconnaissance platforms like the Forpost, a licensed version of the Israeli Searcher II UAV. Observing the successes of the US with platforms such as the X-47B and RQ-170 Sentinel, Russia started its own combat-capable UCAV programme with an emphasis on stealth, autonomy, and deep-strike capabilities.
The S-70 draws inspiration from the American X-47B, adopting a flying-wing design with radar-absorbing materials to minimise its visibility to enemy radar and extensive use of composite materials. While the exact number of units produced is unclear, it’s said that there are currently two prototypes. The S-70 program began in earnest in the early 2010s, unveiling its prototype in 2019. The initial flight took place in August 2019. The S-70 is undergoing rigorous testing, like autonomous operations, including flights alongside the Su-57 to test manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T) concepts.
However, the aircraft’s rear profile increases its RCS because of the round nozzles. In recent news, the SU57 was seen with a new engine nozzle(AL51), similar to the F22 Raptor’s nozzle. If it is integrated into the Su70, then it is expected to increase the aircraft’s rear stealth profile significantly.
Features and Specifications
The S-70 Hunter features:
- Design: A flying-wing configuration, for stealth and reduced radar cross-section.
- Engines: Powered by the AL-41 turbofan engine, with plans for an upgraded Izdeliye 50 engine in future variants.
- Payload: Capable of carrying up to 2,000 kilograms of ordnance, including precision-guided bombs and air-to-surface missiles in its two internal weapon bays.
- Range and Speed: Has a maximum range of over 6,000 km and combat range of 3000km and a speed of approximately 1,000 km per hour.
- Role: Designed for reconnaissance, deep penetration strikes, and suppression of enemy air defences.
Combat History
The S-70 Okhotnik was reported to have its first operational use in July 2023 over Ukraine, while these drones have been spotted and seen hitting targets, their success rate and their detection by Ukrainian defence systems are unclear. However, in October 2024, there was an incident where an S-70 was reportedly shot down by friendly fire from a Russian Su-57 over Ukraine. This incident was attributed to a loss of control of the UCAV, leading to its destruction to prevent it from falling into Ukrainian hands.
Comparison with India’s Ghatak Program
India’s Ghatak UCAV program, developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA), is an effort to create a stealthy unmanned combat platform.
Also Read, Understanding AURA UCAV Programme
Design
- DRDO Ghatak:
- Flying wing design, optimized for low radar cross-section (RCS).
- Incorporates radar-absorbent materials (RAM) and coatings to enhance stealth (~70% stealth through design, ~30% through RAM).
- Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B:
- Also features a flying wing design, emphasizing stealth and low observability.
- Larger wingspan (20 m) and a sleek profile to reduce RCS.
Development Status
- DRDO Ghatak:
- Prototype testing expected by the end of 2025.
- The Scaledown version called SWFIT is going through trails.
- Evolved from the AURA project initiated in 2009, with significant domestic support.
- Sukhoi S-70:
- First flight conducted in 2019.
- In advanced testing stages, with integration alongside Su-57 fighters underway.
Dimensions and Weight
- DRDO Ghatak:
- Gross weight: ~12 tons (12,000 kg).
- Empty weight: 8,154 kg.
- Payload capacity: 1.5 tons (1,500 kg).
- Sukhoi S-70:
- Empty weight: 10,000–20,000 kg.
- Max takeoff weight: 25,000 kg.
- Payload capacity: Up to 2 tons (2,000 kg).
Powerplant
- DRDO Ghatak:
- Powered by a dry variant of the Kaveri turbofan engine (no afterburner).
- Generates ~46 kN of thrust, with an emphasis on fuel efficiency and reduced infrared signature.
- Sukhoi S-70:
- Equipped with an AL-41F derivative turbofan, similar to the engine used in the Su-57 fighter.
- Engine supports greater thrust and higher payload capabilities.
Performance
Feature | DRDO Ghatak | Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B |
Maximum Speed | Subsonic (~0.82 Mach) | Subsonic (~0.82 Mach) |
Service Ceiling | ~30,000 feet (~9,144 m) | Not specified |
Operational Range | ~2,414 km (~1,500 mi) | 6,000 km (~3,700 mi) |
Combat Range | Not explicitly mentioned | 3,000 km (~1,900 mi) |
Comparison with Other UCAV Programs
Feature | Sukhoi S-70 Okhotnik-B | Northrop Grumman X-47A Pegasus | Dassault nEUROn | Chinese CH-7 |
Empty Weight | 10,000–20,000 kg | 13,080 kg | 4,900 kg | Not disclosed |
Max Takeoff Weight | 25,000 kg | 20,185 kg | 7,000 kg | ~10,000 kg |
Powerplant | 1 × AL-41F derivative turbofan | Pratt & Whitney F100-220U turbofan | 1 × Rolls-Royce/Turboméca Adour | Turbofan engine (type undisclosed) |
Range/Endurance | Range: 6,000 km (3,700 mi) | 3,900 km | Not specified | Endurance: 15 hours (~6,000 km) |
Payload/Armament | Two internal bays, ~2,000 kg capacity | 2,000 kg | Two bombs of 230 kg each | Not disclosed |